SICK Score Study Research

maladjusted grad Study ResearchSarah Mohammad Iqbal ChaganiThis retch is pilot study of the clinical students preceptor ERC eulogy research named as SICK agree studyIntroduction to the task and topicTriaging paediatric patients is a difficult and ch all(prenominal)enging task as under-triaging could lead to sentinel events and medical errors. Since paediatric patients are more temptable and less expressive than adult they deterio tramp quickly and many of their signs and symptoms could go either unnoticed or non-prioritized. The increased influx of pediatric patients in ED and changing trends of trained staffing could result in patients being under-triaged or missed resulting in misallocation of limited resources of ED.Numerous scores form been initiated to enter the virulence of illness in children, just now all scores create either been introduced in ICU or critical bursting charge units. Since want Department serves as the first door to the hospital, it should also have a scoring dodging so that patients could be sorted accordingly and care is not compromised. WHO has introduced ETAT guidelines for pediatric triage in want department but it could notwithstanding be implemented after proper breeding and education of staff.A sign of fervidness in half-baked children (SICK) score, created by Thompson, has been implemented in ED and is calculated using baseline brisk signs and 4 grand perspicacity questions. Since easy to calculate it can be implemented in ED without any specific training as vital signs are taken at the triage and the remaining parameters are verbally assessed but not documented. With this project, if significant sick score could be introduced, children triage could be made cost-efficient and effective.Assessment phase angleMeasurement of vital signs is a routine formula in all triage scales utilized in different hospitals for children visiting emergency department. On previous occasions, it has been seen that a lot of under triaging and over triaging has occurred resulting in missed priority levels of children and patients either being missed or not diagnosed appropriately. On two occasions, oncology pediatric patients were under-triaged resulting in sentinel events of deathrate of those children in ED. It is not only important to monitor vital signs at triage but triage staff should be able to calculate validity score so that appropriate allocation of patients could take place. Currently, this hospital utilizes ESI priority system to share patients in ED, however, it would be interesting to observe the relationship of SICK score with the government issue of patients and compare it to the Priority levels.Vital signs play a real important role in triaging and disposition finale devising of pediatric patients. Respiratory rate, color, nasal flaring all are indicators of pediatric clinical condition, however, pulse oximetry is a non- invasive technique of ruling out the severity of illness in pediatric patients. In a study, pulse oximetry measures were taken to identify the change in treatment plan and decision making of physicians. For 305 patients with Sao2 values less than 95%, the clinicians ordered 81 additional symptomatic tests for 62 patients (20%) and 39 additional treatments for 33 children (11%), and changed or added diagnoses for 25 children (8.2%) (Mower, Sachs, Niscklin, Baraff, 1997). Of this equal group, clinicians admitted 50 (68%) children after rechecking the oxygen saturation, whereas 23 children were discharged without having their pulse oximetry rechecked (Mower, Sachs, Niscklin, Baraff, 1997).Furthermore, deathrate levels could also be predicted with the vital signs and informed levels of pediatric patients. Among 1133 patients, abnormality in heart rate and respiratory rates had no effect on the mortality of patients but mortality increased as the age of pediatric patients decreased with Odds ratio being 5.2, 15.4, 42.6, 57.0 and 98.3 (Kuma r, Thomas, Singhal, Puliyel Sreenivas, 2003).Unlike heart rate and respiratory rate, abnormal blood compact, oxygen saturation and conscious levels were put in to have a significant (p-value Abnormal vital signs have also been found to have a significant relationship with serious and life jeopardize contagious diseases in pediatric patients. Children with serious infection as compared to minor infection had significantly higher temperature 39C (p,0.001), tachycardia (p,0.001), tachypnea (p = 0.002), oxygen saturations (94% (p2 seconds (p39uC (p = 0.004), tachycardia (p2 seconds (p = 0.001) when compared with minor infection (Thompson, Coad, Harnden, Mayon, Perera Mant, 2009).Planning material bodyPurposeThe aim of this project is to redesign the triage policy for paediatric patients and all those paediatric patients with higher score will be prioritize preliminary for proper disposition and early management, so as to further correct the patient satisfaction and morbidity/mo rtality outcome.ObjectivesTo predict the disease severity with SICK ScoreTo find association of each independent shifting and SICK score with the outcome variableVariablesDependant Variable vector sum of patientAdmitDischargeIndependent VariableSICK ScoreHeart RateRespiratory RateTemperatureOxygen saturationsystolic BPCapillary RefillConscious LevelSeizures ActivityGenderTriage stratumApproval and PlanPermissions were taken from ED Clinical Manager and ED Head Nurse to introduce the entropy solicitation forms (already approved by ERC AKUH) on the main counter to be attached in the rouse of all pediatric entries. The Unit Receptionists were informed by Manager and HN regarding the forms and reinforcement was provided by clinical student. E-mails were sent to the rotating PGME pediatric residents and pediatric ED faculty members regarding a brief of the study and requesting for filling of forms. A encase was introduced in the pediatric area near the working desk of doctors for collection of entropy forms. Since the study was already funded by an international agency, therefore, the photocopies of the forms were done by the preceptor as per the need identified by the clinical student.Implementation phaseThe cool data was entered in SPSS software and codes were given to the categorical data. The sick scores were calculated using software provided by the preceptor. The total forms collected during the three week time was 185 forms but only 100 were include as the remaining had missing information (Diagram 1)The descriptive statistics of the variables revealed mean SICK score of 1.89 and a standard deviation of 0.98with the range between 0.00 5.10. opposite(a) variable statistics are defined in Table 1.Table 1As displayed in Table 2, discharge patients accounted for 61% of the population and access were 39%. It could also be noted that 38% patients lie in the age range 1-5 years and minimum percentage of 6% could be seen in the age range Table 2On comp ute the betting odds ratio (Table 3), it was found that SICK score had higher odds of 2.123 of patients being admitted to the hospital. Along with this, capillary refill also has higher odds of 2.46 to predict the admission outcome of patient.Table 3Surprisingly, triage category and conscious levels were found to have no effect on the odds of outcome indicating either discrepancies in the assessment jibe of the study or the training of the triage staff. Consciousness plays a very important role in decision making of the patient but the results of this study are directing towards sentience level having no effect on the odds of the outcome which could be an error of the assessment animal. Though the model was 71.7% accurate in predicting the outcome of patient but the results are also implying towards comparing the assessment tool used in the Indian SICK score study and the tool used in this project.EvaluationThis project has identified the importance of cypher SICK score in id entifying the level of severity of illness in pediatric patients for appropriate triaging and allocation in emergency department. It also indicates that other than the baseline vital signs capillary refill should also be initiated at the triage as on an individual level it has higher odds of determine the outcome of patients. But the results also suggest few errors either in the tool formulated or the triage staff training which needs to change by reversal before the final study is initiated. Missing values was also a major problem as a lot of forms and patient data had to be removed as the forms were not being filled completely. testimony would include comparing the sick score with another simpler scoring system like TOPR and also identifying the relationship between SICK score and the mortality of pediatric patients.ReferencesMower, W. R., Sachs, C., Nicklin, E. L., Baraff, L. J. (1997). Pulse Oximetry as a fifth Pediatric vital sign. Pediatrics. 99(5). 681 686.Thompson, M., C oad, N., Harnden, A., Mayon, R., Perera, R., Mant, D. (2009). How well do vital signs identify children with serious infection in pediatric emergency care. Archives of disabled children. 94. 888 893.Kumar, N., Thomas, N., Singhal, D., Puliyel, J. M., Sreenivas, V. (2003). Triage score for severity of illness. Indian Pediatrics. 40. 204-210. Retrieved from http//indianpediatrics.net/mar2003/mar-204-210.htmGupta1 MA, Chakrabarty A, Halstead R, Sahni M, Rangasami J, Puliyel A. et. al. Validation of Signs of Inflammation in Children that Kill (SICK) score for immediate non-invasive assessment of severity of illness. Italian Journal of Pediatrics 2010, 3635Bhal S, Tygai V, Kumar N, Sreenivas V, Puliyel JM Signs of Inflammation in Children that can Kill (SICK score) Preliminary prospective validation of a new non-invasive measure of severity of illness. J Postgrad Med 2006,52102-5.Data collection formMR Age -Age bands- - 1- - 12 - 60 to - 120 monthsGender - antheral- FemaleTriage Tim e Triage category (ESI)SICK SCOREHeart rate -Respiratory rate -Temperature -Oxygen saturation -Systolic blood pressure -CRT - 3 seconds -Conscious level - A- V - P - USeizures - Absent- PresentOutcome - Admit- Discharge- Died trend of admission - Ward- PICU- NICU